I-Biomedical titanium alloy materials kanye nezicelo
I-Biomedical titanium alloy materials ibhekisela ngokukhethekile ohlotsheni lwezinto ezisebenzayo zesakhiwo ezisetshenziswa kubunjiniyela be-biomedical, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwezimila zokuhlinzwa kanye nemikhiqizo yedivayisi ye-orthopedic. Ukukhiqizwa nokulungiswa kwezinto zokucubungula i-titanium alloy kubandakanya imikhakha yensimbi, ukucubungula ingcindezi, izinto eziyinhlanganisela, kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali, futhi iwumkhiqizo owaziwayo wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu emhlabeni. Izingxube ze-titanium ne-titanium ziye zangena kancane kancane emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi ezivela emikhakheni ye-aerospace, izindiza, kanye nokuvikela izwe. Imikhiqizo efana nezimila kanye nemishini yezokwelapha embonini yezokwelapha nezempilo; amakilabhu egalofu e-titanium embonini yezemidlalo nezokungcebeleka, kanye namafreyimu ezingilazi ze-titanium, amawashi e-titanium, amabhayisikili e-titanium, neminye imikhiqizo, isidingo sezinto ezigaywe nge-titanium sikhula njalo. Ngokuthuthuka okunamandla kanye nempumelelo ye-biotechnology, imboni yezinto zensimbi ye-biomedical kanye nemikhiqizo izothuthuka ibe imboni eyinsika yomnotho womhlaba. Phakathi kwazo, i-titanium nama-alloys ayo ahlangabezane nokukhula okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo kwesidingo eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ezihlanganisa njenge-lightweight, i-modulus enwebekayo ephansi, engenabuthi futhi engeyona i-magnetic, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu, nokuqina okuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ama-titanium alloys eqala ukungena ekuhlinzeni kwepulasitiki nakweminye imikhakha, kuvela izimfuno ezintsha zemakethe, futhi imakethe ye-titanium alloy izokhula ngokushesha esikhathini esizayo.
Inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwama-alloys e-titanium yezokwelapha
1.1 Ukuhlelwa kwengxube ye-titanium yezokwelapha
Ama-alloys e-Titanium angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezintathu ngokohlobo lwe-microstructure yezinto ezibonakalayo: uhlobo lwe-α, uhlobo lwe-α+β, nohlobo luka-β lwe-titanium alloy.
1.2 Ithrendi Yokuthuthukiswa Kwezingxube Ze-Medical Titanium Alloys
Ngemva kocwaningo lwezincwadi, kwatholakala ukuthi abacwaningi abafanelekile ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe bakholelwa ngazwi linye ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe i-titanium alloys yezokwelapha usedlule ezigabeni ezintathu eziwuphawu. Isigaba sokuqala simelwe i-titanium ehlanzekile ne-Ti-6Al-4V ingxubevange; isigaba sesibili simelwe i-Ti New α+β alloys emelwe yi- -5A1-2.5Fe kanye ne-Ti-6A1-7Nb; isigaba sesithathu yisigaba esiyinhloko sokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ama-alloys e-β-titanium ane-biocompatibility engcono kanye ne-elastic modulus ephansi. Ideal I-biomedical titanium alloy materials kumele ihlangabezane nalezi zimo ezilandelayo: i-biocompatibility enhle, i-modulus enwebekayo ephansi, ukuminyana okuphansi, izakhiwo ezinhle zokunqanda ukugqwala, okungeyona ubuthi, amandla okukhiqiza okuphezulu, impilo ende yokukhathala, kanye nepulasitiki enkulu ekamelweni lokushisa. , ukwakheka okulula, ukusakaza okulula, njll. Ama-alloys abalulekile asetshenziswe kakhulu ezintweni zokufakelwa i-Ti-6A1-4V ne-Ti-6A1-4VELI. Kunemibiko ezincwadini yokuthi i-V element ingabangela ukusabela kwezicubu eziyingozi futhi ingase ibe nemiphumela emibi enobuthi emzimbeni womuntu, kuyilapho i-Al ingabangela i-osteoporosis nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ososayensi be-biomaterial njengamanje bazibophezele ekuhloleni nasekucwaningeni i-V-free, izinto ezintsha ze-Al's biomedical titanium alloy, ngaphambi kwalokho kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwezakhi ze-alloy ezifanele ukwengezwa zombili ezingezona ezinobuthi ne-biocompatible. . Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ama-alloys e-β-titanium aqukethe izinto ezingezona ubuthi njenge-molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, ne-zirconium aqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi ze-β-stabilizing futhi ane-elastic modulus ephansi (E=55~ 80GPa) nokusebenza okungcono kwe-shear kanye ukuqina, ifaneleka kakhulu ukufakwa emzimbeni womuntu njengokufakelwa.
Izicelo ze-titanium alloys
2.1 Isisekelo sezokwelapha se-titanium alloys
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-titanium ne-titanium alloys njengokufakelwa komuntu yilezi: (1) Ukuminyana (20°C) = 4.5g/cm3 kanye ne-lightweight. Kufakwe emzimbeni womuntu: ukunciphisa umthwalo emzimbeni womuntu; njengesisetshenziswa sezokwelapha: nciphisa umthwalo wokusebenza kubasebenzi bezokwelapha. (2) I-elastic modulus iphansi, futhi i-titanium emsulwa ingu-108500MPa. Uma ifakwe emzimbeni womuntu: iseduze nethambo lemvelo lomzimba womuntu, elivumela ukuxhunyelelwa kwethambo futhi linciphise umphumela wokuvikela ukucindezeleka kwethambo ekufakweni. (3) Okungewona uzibuthe, okungathintwa izinkambu kazibuthe kagesi nokuduma kwezulu, okuzuzisa ukuphepha komuntu ngemva kokusetshenziswa. (4) Ayinabuthi futhi ayinabo ubuthi noma imiphumela engemihle emzimbeni womuntu njengesifakelo. (5) Ukumelana nokugqwala (izinto zensimbi ezingenasici ngokwebhayoloji). Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu endaweni yokucwiliswa kwegazi lomuntu futhi iqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuhle negazi lomuntu kanye nezicubu zamangqamuzana. Njengokufakelwa, akukhiqizi ukungcola komuntu futhi akulimazi emzimbeni womuntu. Ukungezwani komzimba kuzokwenzeka, okuyisimo esiyisisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwe-titanium ne-titanium alloys. (6) Amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle. Ukulimala kwamathambo namalunga ngenxa yokulimala, izimila, nezinye izici. Ukusungula isikafula samathambo esizinzile, amapuleti e-arc, izikulufu, amathambo okwenziwa, amalunga, njll. kumele kusetshenziswe. Lawa ma-implants kufanele ashiywe isikhathi eside. umzimba womuntu uzoba ngaphansi kokugoba, ukusonteka, ukuminyanisa, ukufinyela kwemisipha, neminye imiphumela yomzimba womuntu, edinga izimila ukuze zibe namandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina.
2.2 Izinkambu zezokwelapha nezamathambo zengxubevange ye-titanium
Isimo Semakethe Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingxube ze-titanium, ukwanda kwezinhlobo zezinto ze-titanium, kanye nokwehliswa kwamanani, ukusetshenziswa kwe-titanium embonini yomphakathi kuye kwaphindeka kabili. I-CFDA ihlukanisa izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha zibe amazinga amathathu ngokuya ngokuphepha kwazo ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi, futhi zigadwa futhi ziphathwe amazinga amathathu kahulumeni ngokulandelana. Izimila ezenziwe nge-titanium ne-titanium alloy materials ziyingxenye yesithathu yemishini yezokwelapha futhi ziyizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinenani eliphezulu. Imikhakha engaphansi ebalwa ngaphezu kwe-5% yemakethe ifaka izigaba eziyisithupha ezinkulu: ukuhlolwa kwe-in vitro, i-cardiology, imaging yokuxilonga, i-orthopedics, i-ophthalmology, nokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki. Phakathi kwazo, i-in vitro diagnostics, i-orthopedics, nokungenelela kwenhliziyo yizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinenani eliphakeme ezikhula ngokushesha eChina. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-titanium ye-biomedical kanye ne-alloy materials kudlule ezigabeni ezintathu eziphawulekayo: Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1950, okokuqala e-United Kingdom nase-United States, i-titanium ehlanzekile edayiswayo yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza amapuleti amathambo, izikulufu, izinzipho ze-intramedullary kanye nenyonga. amalunga. Inkampani yaseSwitzerland i-Mathys iphinde isebenzisa i-Ti-6A1-7Nb ingxubevange ukwenza izinhlelo ezinganwetshiwe zokukhiya izinzipho ze-intramedullary (okuhlanganisa i-tibia, i-humerus, ne-femur) nezikulufu ezingenalutho zokwelapha ukuphuka kwethambo lentamo yesifazane. I-Porous Ni-Ti (PNT) i-alloy alloy material isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakheji okuhlanganiswa komlomo wesibeletho kanye ne-lumbar intervertebral (Cage). Inkampani yaseCanada i-BIORTHEX ithuthukise ikheji yokuhlanganiswa komlomo wesibeletho kanye ne-lumbar intervertebral eyenziwe ngezinto ezinama-porous Ni-Ti alloy patented material ACTIPORE G yokwelapha ukulimala komgogodla wamathambo. Ingxubevange entsha ye-beta titanium ingasetshenziswa njengento ethuthukisiwe ngezinjongo eziningi ezifana nodokotela wamathambo, udokotela wamazinyo, nokungenelela kwemithambo. Imboni yezisetshenziswa zezokwelapha zamathambo yenza u-9% wesabelo semakethe yemishini yezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke futhi isakhula ngokushesha. Imakethe yemishini yezokwelapha yamathambo ihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezine: ukuhlukumezeka, amalunga, umgogodla, nokunye. Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlukumezeka wukuphela kwengxenye okwamanje engenaso isabelo semakethe esikhulu esithathwe izinkampani zangaphandle. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi imikhiqizo kulo mkhakha inokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezobuchwepheshe, kulula ukuyilingisa, futhi akulula ukuyisebenzisa. Zingenziwa ezibhedlela eziningi ezisezingeni lesibili nelesithathu, futhi izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe azikwazi ukuzikhokhela ngokugcwele. Imikhiqizo yokuhlukumezeka ingahlukaniswa ngamadivaysi okulungisa angaphakathi nangaphandle. Imikhiqizo yokuhlukumezeka yokulungiswa kwangaphakathi ihlanganisa izinzipho ze-intramedullary, amapuleti amathambo, izikulufu, njll. Ngo-2012, ukuhlukumezeka kwabalelwa ku-34% emakethe yamathambo yasekhaya, amalunga angama-28%, umgogodla 20%, nabanye. I-18%. Amalunga amakhulu angamadivayisi ezokwelapha asezingeni eliphezulu anezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme. Njengamanje, izibhedlela ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa kakhulu izinto zokwelashwa kwamathambo ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Kusenegebe phakathi kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya kanye nengenisiwe mayelana nobuchwepheshe, ukuklama, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, izinto zokwakha, izinqubo zokwelashwa kwendawo, njll. Amalunga okwenziwa ahlukaniswa kakhulu abe ngamadolo okwenziwa, izinqulu, izindololwane, amahlombe, amalunga eminwe nezinzwane, njll. Phakathi kwazo, ukushintshwa okuhlangene okubaluleke kakhulu kufaka phakathi amalunga e-hip namajoyinti amadolo, okuthi uma kuhlangene kube ngaphezu kwama-95% emakethe yokushintshanisa ngokuhlanganyela yomhlaba wonke. Imishini yokufakelwa komgogodla ihlanganisa i-thoracolumbar nail plate systems, i-cervical spine nail plate systems, kanye nezinhlelo ze-fusion cage, phakathi kwazo uhlelo lwe-intervertebral cage lusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelashwa kokushintshwa kwe-intervertebral disc futhi luyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, ukubalwa cishe kuyo yonke imakethe yokufakelwa komgogodla. .
Isiphetho
Izakhiwo eziphakeme ze-titanium alloys ziye zaba nomthelela endaweni yayo ehamba phambili emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ubuchwepheshe bokuklama kanye nokulungiswa kwe-titanium alloys buthuthuke ngokushesha ngokuthuthuka kwe-biotechnology kanye nesidingo esikhulu sezicelo zezokwelapha. I i-titanium alloys yezokwelapha akhiqizwayo njengamanje ikakhulukazi α+β uhlobo titanium alloys. Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela, ukukhiqizwa kwe-TC4 (TC4ELI) njengamanje kuthatha ingxenye yemakethe enkulu. Ingxubevange yohlobo lwe-β ye-titanium inezinzuzo ezithile ekuhambisaneni kwemvelo nokuhambisana kwemishini, ngakho isiphenduke isizinda socwaningo samangxube emisha ye-titanium yezokwelapha futhi iwubuchwepheshe obunamandla kakhulu emkhakheni wokufakelwa kwezokwelapha. Ngokuzayo, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-titanium alloys kufanele buthuthuke bubheke ku-modulus ephansi, amandla aphezulu, i-biocompatibility enhle, nokuhambisana kwemishini. Ngokombono wezitayela zentuthuko, ama-alloys ohlobo lwe-β-titanium azoba inkomba yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kanye nemakethe ye-titanium alloy yezokwelapha.
